We study the effects of "balance billing", i.e., allowing physicians to charge a fee from patients in addition to the …

market. We depart from the standard healthcare service pricing model and allow physicians to (partially) adjust patient … quantities supports the hypothesis that physicians respond to insurer price differences: A 10% increase in private prices …

physicians' prescriptions, have helped Germany to contain the growth of pharmaceutical expenditures. All the same, German …This paper describes pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement policies in Germany, considering them in the broader … out-of-pocket payments may impair affordability for the poorest part of the population. Germany does not regulate ex …

Using a large set of private health insurance claims, we estimate how physicians’ financial incentives affect their … treatment choices in heart attack management. Different insurance plans pay physicians different amounts for the same services … physicians more for more invasive treatments are associated with a larger fraction of such treatments. To interpret this …