We exploit testing data to gain a better understanding of the influence of framing effects on decision-making and performance when facing risk. In a randomized field experiment we modified the framing of grading instructions of multiple-choice tests. In the business-as-usual framing (BAU...

Many studies have found a strong association between economic outcomes of nations and their performance on international cognitive tests. This association is often interpreted as evidence for the importance of cognitive skills for economic growth. However, noncognitive skills, such as motivation...

We use the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) data to construct several measures of non-cognitive skills and to analyze the relationship between non-cognitive skills and earnings. We construct measures for non-cognitive skills based on previous research in...