Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is used as a proxy for bank capital structure. Secondary data has been collected from the publications of … the State Bank of Pakistan and the annual reports of banks from 2006-2017. The data is analyzed by applying the pooled OLS …, fixed effect, and the GMM estimator. The determinants are grouped in (i) bank financial performance (ii) bank risk-based and …

lagged capital ratio on the interest rate spread by employing the panel threshold regression model with one and two threshold … capital ratio) tend more to raise the interest rate spread to offset the fall. In the panel threshold regression model with …