In a changing transition economy, Chinese government regulations that adopt the relatively simple bright line rule formula are enforceable in practice. Taking the early reform-oriented policies of the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) as an example, we find that the CSRC did not...

Regulatory agencies may, whether outside of set rules or within their discretion, depart from the original goals or principles set for enforcing the rules, which we term selective enforcement. Taking China, a country in transition, as an example, and using cases and large-sample tests, we...

We study the efficiency of capital allocations at state-controlled and privately owned business groups in China. Using highly granular data on within-group capital transfers, we document stark differences: while private groups allocate more capital to units with better investment opportunities,...

This study examines the relationship between corporate philanthropy (CP) and firm access to bank loans using a sample of listed Chinese companies. We find a positive association between CP and access to bank loans, suggesting that charitable contributions provide firms with an advantage in...