Mathematics, like medieval Latin, is a medium of disputation in economics wherein those skillful in its use can subdue … those who are not, independent of any substantive economic meaning. In so using mathematics, economics has shut itself off … from much of the richness of economic activity that is impossible to express in the language of mathematics and from the …

solutions permit operators to trade spectrum capacity at wholesale level through e.g., Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA … determines the level of transaction and switching costs and consequently the level of retail competition and wholesale trading of …