As severe disasters increase and intensify, federal, state, and local governments are continuing to adapt their responses. The needs of low-income renters are particularly acute. Three recent studies by some of the authors of this working paper analyze the intersection of environmental disasters...

The long-standing view in US economic history is that the shift in manufacturing in the nineteenth century from the artisan shop to the mechanized factory led to “labor deskilling.” Craft workers were displaced by mix of semi-skilled operatives, unskilled workers, and a small force of...

We use establishment level data from the 1850-80 censuses of manufacturing to study the correlates of the use of steam power and the impact of steam power on labor productivity growth in nineteenth century American manufacturing. A key result is that establishment size mattered: large...