This paper surveys the most significant problems of the pension systems of EU11 countries. These nations had to transform their old-age social security systems after replacing a state-socialist economic order with a capitalist one. Stressing common as well as specific features, our paper...

In many European and other Western countries, labour markets will continue to be reformed in order to accommodate further adjustments to economic, demographic and socio-ecological developments. Moreover, labour market institutions and other aspects of labour markets receive a lot of attention in...

Since the 2008 global financial crisis, those East European countries that had partly privatized their pension systems in the 1990s or early 2000s increasingly scaled back their mandatory private retirement accounts and restored the role of public provision. What explains this wave of reversals...

This paper analyses the post-2008 pension reforms in Central and East European Countries. The economic crisis revealed the unresolved problems in the implementation of previous reforms: the financing of the transformation costs. The reforms thus reacted to the legacies of past choices as well as...

The accommodation and food service activities sector, also referred to in this study as the Horeca sector, is an important segment of the European Union's (EU) economy, contributing significantly to employment and economic output. The sector is characterised by an above-average prevalence of...

The accommodation and food service activities sector, also referred to in this study as the Horeca sector, is an important segment of the European Union's (EU) economy, contributing significantly to employment and economic output. The sector is characterised by an above-average prevalence of...