This paper explores the diminishing influence of national cultural distance on two subsidiary control issues, expatriate staffing and parent company ownership level of the foreign subsidiary. Previous studies have produced conflicting findings: one stream of research argues that when cultural...

Based on resource-dependence theory, we hypothesize a U-shaped relationship between multinational corporations’ subsidiary size and expatriate staffing level. Drawing on both resource-dependence and learning perspectives, the U-shaped relationship is further hypothesized to be moderated by...

This paper examines the link between the long term orientation (LTO) dimension of national culture to transaction cost economics and relational exchange theory. Hypotheses were developed on the impact of LTO on multinational corporations’ (MNCs’) subsidiary ownership and expatriate staffing...

We examine the relationships between national ethical environment (NEE) and foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing and developed countries from an institutional theory perspective. Based on an NEE measure developed by Franke and Nadler (2008) and FDI data from the Ministry of Finance of...

We examine how organizational ecology and the strategic choice perspective can be combined to provide more contextualized insights into how multinational corporations (MNCs) can better counter environmental pressures with evolving subnational FDI legitimacy and improve the survival likelihood of...