This article analyzes the first 22 cartel decisions of the European Commission under its 2006 revised fining Guidelines …. I find that the severity of the cartel fines relative to affected sales is about double that of the fines decided under … the previous 1998 Guidelines. Severity varies only modestly across companies in the same cartel. A large minority of EC …

absolute Commission fine. Independent variables fall into four groups: the extent of the cartel’s antitrust injuries; factors … cartel; and controls for time, for changes in EC guidelines, for nationality of the defendant, and for industry …-specific characteristics. The predictive power of the final model is quite satisfactory. We find that EC corporate cartel fines generally …

Justice has great latitude in recommending corporate cartel fines to the federal courts, and its recommendations are nearly …-deterrence model is quite good. We find that U.S. corporate cartel fines are strongly directly related to economic injuries from …

on average by 10% is much too low, and that principles of optimal deterrence indicate that current levels of cartel …

This paper analyzes the first 13 cartel decisions of the European Commission under its 2006 revised fining guidelines …. I find that the severity of the cartel fines is more than five times higher than those figured under the previous 1998 … rare) examples of supra-deterrence. Nearly all recent cartel decisions reward one or more participant with full or partial …

cartel activity in Asia and uses a sample of modern private cartels to evaluate the relative effectiveness of three prominent … Asia and the rest of the world during 1990-2007. The need for assertive anti-cartel enforcement in Asia is demonstrated by …, it is doubtful that such monetary sanctions can deter modern international cartels. Optimal cartel deterrence is …

cartels. The number of cartel investigations has not risen appreciably. Moreover, the number of criminal Section 1 cases filed … annually fell. From 1995-99 to 2004-06 cartel cases filed fell by 49%. The number of corporations charged annually dropped … have grown. The total amount of cartel fines imposed is $4.2 billion. While an impressive amount, damages recouped by U …

Justice has great latitude in recommending corporate cartel fines to the federal courts, and its recommendations are nearly …-deterrence model is quite good. We find that U.S. corporate cartel fines are strongly directly related to economic injuries from …

This paper presents an updated narrative of the history of the global lysine cartel and the legal consequences for its …