Any abstract account of a field of law must make generalizations that are both faithful to the legal materials and appropriate to the subject matter's aims. The uniqueness and fluidity of the European Union's institutions makes such generalizations very difficult. A common theoretical approach...

This article attempts to offer a general framework for the protection of environmental rights in the European Union's legal order. The article discusses the Aarhus Convention, which follows the international trend for procedural protection of environmental rights. The European Commission...

The question if Land Development Agreements are subject to EU public procurement law has been a very difficult one. In principle the sale of land is not caught by the relevant Directives. Nevertheless, since the European Court of Justice’s judgment in Auroux, it has been accepted that...

Is the general structure of EU law a matter determined by its own constitutional principles? Many assume that this must be the case, because this is what we regularly expect from any order of constitutional law. A more careful look at the Treaty and the case law shows that the analogy does not...

In December 2012 Four Presidents of the European Union (of the European Council, the Commission, the Central Bank and the Eurogroup) issued a paper outlining steps for a ‘genuine monetary union’ promising among others better democratic accountability for its institutions. This essay asks if...

The withdrawal of the UK from the EU (or ‘Brexit') as a result of the referendum of June 23 is certain to have profound implications for all aspects of the law of the United Kingdom. As soon as the result became known, legal commentators rushed to offer some kind of guidance. Surprising as it...

Public debate in the run up to the Referendum of 23 June has focused on many economic issues, including the status of the United Kingdom as a member state outside the Eurozone. Those campaigning to leave have argued that the government ‘has given away its veto' over the further integration of...