Blockchain is an exciting technology with great but as yet unfulfilled potential. For competition and competition policy, it offers a number of promising opportunities, which agencies will wish to explore. However, from the standpoint of antitrust law the concerns remain the same. This paper...

The Metaverse, voice assistants, smart automated vehicles, wearables, there are a number of visions of the future, but more important than which, if any, of these comes to pass, is what these different visions of the future have in common. Which is the understanding that controlling what is,...

Time matters for competition law on a number of dimensions. Most obviously, the time in which new products or technologies are introduced (dynamic efficiency) is of course one of the key benefits of competition, alongside allocative and productive efficiency. Time is also important for the...

Line of business restrictions (LOBRs) are antitrust remedies or regulatory restrictions that limit the activities that a firm can undertake. They include separation restrictions ranging from structural to behavioural separation (accounting, functional or legal). However, there are also...

Traditional taxi services – together with other providers – constitute a crucial part of the urban transportation environment. Over the last 10 years the emergence of ride-sourcing and ride-sharing platforms put under competitive pressure the activity of traditional taxis. While these new...

This paper calls attention to the opportunity for competition authorities to contribute to the fight for gender equality, the fifth of the UN’s sustainable development goals. It argues that this can be done without compromising on the consumer welfare focus of many authorities, and indeed that...

There is growing evidence that over the past few decades competition across markets in the EU may have weakened: industry concentration and markups appear to have increased, while the gap between market leaders and followers seems to have widened and business dynamism seems to have declined....