We present a selective survey of the economic theory of intellectual property rights. After a brief description of the …

the optimal mix of patent and trade secrets when the innovator faces a strict novelty requirement and can only patent a … innovator can successively patent different fragments of the process. We compare a regime with prior user rights, when the …

of the receiving country. We test the empirical implications of our model using patent data in renewable and fossil … Moment estimator. We show that knowledge transfer through patent duplication increases with the level of IPR protection, but … more sensitive to uncertainty. Commitment to EPs also increases the incentives for patent duplication. The magnitude of the …