Policy makers may not have fully utilized the potential of contingent capital. This article proposes the use of contingent capital with sequential triggers as an early preventative tool and as a reorganization tool before liquidation, independent of protection under bankruptcy proceedings. The...

The collapse in the market for exotic financial instruments, the liquidity crisis in major financial institutions and the government bailouts in 2008-09 illustrate the massive social cost of financial risk taking. The credit crisis of 2008-2009 also convinced many observers that the level of...

Governance adjustments via stable rules in reaction to financial crises are inevitably followed by relaxation, revision, and retraction. The economic conditions and the corresponding requirements for optimal and stable rules are constantly evolving, suggesting that a different set of rules could...

The Secure Proof of Stake protocol (SPoS) uses a reputation-verification platform to solve the centralization, efficiency, and security problems that afflict existing blockchain consensus protocols. At heart, a secure proof of stake protocol follows naturally from a secure decentralized...