In an earlier study we analysed how the United States Patent and Trade Mark Office, the European Patent Office and the … Japan Patent Office (jointly referred to as the 'Trilateral Offices' or TOs) assessed reach-through patent claims in … biotechnology, under the requirements of 'utility', 'written description' and 'enablement' (as they are referred to in the US). We …

-modified (GM) seed technology. In particular, when courts determine patent damages based on the hypothetical negotiation method … limited affirmative defense of an implied license due to the patent’s status as a de facto standard essential patent. To be … classified as a de facto standard essential patent, the farmer must prove three elements that reflect the peculiarities of GM …

patent term in order to best balance the normal scientific processes and alternate hypothesis generation that jointly enable …

Biotechnology has never demonstrated its benefits to society more than in 2021. The SARS-CoV-2 virus that caused the … vaccines are claimed in myriad – not Myriad – patents and patent applications, many of which are destined to be litigated over … their owners. While the world waits for this storm of patent litigation, federal courts continue to be busy with ownership …

look at the development that has taken place in other jurisdictions and adapt the patent law to local conditions when …-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and its biotechnology/pharmaceutical policy guidelines. This approach that is …