This paper proposes an alternate formulation for the combined distribution and assignment (CDA) problem, which seeks to determine consistent level-of-service and flow values of the trip distribution and traffic assignment steps. The CDA problem is modeled as a hierarchical travel choice problem...

Passenger’s transfer route choice behavior is one of the prominent research topics in the field of railway transportation. Existing traffic assignment approaches do not properly account for passenger’s expectation for transfer reliability. In this study, the transfer reliability is...

Extensive research on the near surface movement of sand particles has focused on wind tunnel experiments, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation of sand saltation under ideal and controllable conditions. Most field observations are results on the average rate of sand transport over some...

The performances of solar cell arrays based on a Trough Concentrating Photovoltaic/Thermal (TCPV/T) system have been studied via both experiment and theoretical calculation. The I–V characteristics of the solar cell arrays and the output performances of the TCPV/T system demonstrated that...

Layered image transmission is successfully adopted for different system applications. Generally, in this technique, image is divided into number of layers for easy and fast transmission keeping the concept of multi-description representation. This configuration helps to make overall system...