This book takes Italy as a case study, focusing on the financial performance of retail energy firms between 2008 and 2017, to provide an up-to-date and critical analysis of this sizeable shift that has taken place within the European energy sector.

Following the liberalization of EU energy markets, more than three hundred gas and electricity companies entered the market to substitute state-run monopolies. A sizeable shift has taken place within the European energy sector, one that remains only partially understood at best. Focusing on the...

This working paper is about the Apple Inc Business Model and how, in a financialized world, the success of this business model is represented in the form of what we term financial point values. Our argument is that there is a tendency to promote specific point valuation multiples as measures of...