Why China was not the origin of the Industrial Revolution but rose from imperial dynasties and experienced a growth miracle in the past four decades? We find that its root is China's imperial examination system (keju), which explains the fall and rise of historical, modern, and contemporary...

In this paper, I argue that in situations of complex network dependence, the traditional and widely used Hausman-style instrumental variable estimation may not be valid for causal identification. This is the case for inter-regional migration networks when evaluating place-based labor market...

Input-output linkages among sectors and firms are largely overlooked when assessing regulatory policies. Using a carbon emissions regulation in China as an example, we find that the regulation facilitates the transition to green technologies and reduces entry and carbon emissions in the...

This paper establishes a novel argument that social networks among local politicians reduce spatial frictions of corporate investment. We leverage the replacement of city officials and the resulting exogenous variations of hometown ties among city party secretaries to examine their impact on...

In this paper, I provide the first cross-country empirical analysis to establish three stylized facts on electoral incentive dynamics, national leaders' capability, and economic performance, using a novel data set of national leaders' personal and tenure characteristics and countries'...

I propose a mathematically tractable model to study the optimal compensation scheme in organizations with arbitrary interpersonal networks, in which agents connected in a network help neighbors and work collectively to produce a team's output, and payment is an equity share linked to the...

In this paper, we study the effects of entry deregulation on firm innovation, using the business registration reform in China as a case in point. Entry deregulation has negative impacts on patent applications, and the effects are more pronounced for larger firms and older firms. Firms spend more...

In this paper, I document three stylized facts on leaders, institutions, and re-election incentives, using cross-country data: (1) in democracies, the positive relationship between leaders' performance and their capability is significantly less pronounced in their last term, when they do not...

In this paper, I document two stylized facts on leaders, institutions, and economic development: (1) leaders in democracies have more experience than those in non-democracies; and (2) more experienced leaders lead to better economic performance in democracies and higher regime stability in...

In this paper, I examine the effects of China's civil examination system (keju) on modern-day innovation and firm dynamics. Using the variation in the density of jinshi (the highest exam qualification) and using the distance to the printing ingredients (pine and bamboo) as the instrumental...