We show that gravity holds in the case of digital goods that are consumed over the Internet and have no trading costs. Therefore, trade costs, although possibly important, cannot account for the effects of distance on trade. In particular, we show that Americans are more likely to visit websites...

In this paper we study the impact of digitalization on trade costs in 58 economies over the period 2014 - 2018. Improvements in digital connectivity can reduce trade costs through multiple channels, including better access to information, lower transaction costs, the reduced need for business...