Ice clouds are mostly composed of different ice crystal habits. It is of great importance to classify ice crystal habits seeing as they could greatly impact single-scattering properties of ice crystal particles. The single-scattering properties play an important role in the study of cloud remote...

In this paper, we show that noise can transform a hybrid neural networks, whose solution may grow exponentially, into a new stochastic one, whose solution grows at most polynomially. In other words, we reveal that noise can suppress the exponential growth in hybrid Hopfield neural networks.

The problem of packing equal spheres in a spherical container is a classic global optimization problem, which has attracted enormous studies in academia and found various applications in industry. This problem is computationally challenging, and many efforts focus on small-scale instances with...

Due to the economic liberalization processes and the ongoing opening of the Chinese economy for foreign trade and investment, which have been carried out since 1980, Chinese consumer goods markets have been transformed from sellers markets into buyers markets throughout the last years. In such...