theory. Specifically, he constructed his own concept of subjective uncertainty called potential surprise to replace … probability. In 1980s, the potential surprise is axiomatized by Katzner as Kolmogorov-styled measure defined on the 𝜎-field over …In the history of economic thought, Shackle was one of the representative critics about probability based economic …

economy, this paper suggests the two disciplines face a common problem when it comes to uncertainty. It is argued that … intervention, are as yet any nearer to providing robust solutions to the problems posed by Keynesian uncertainty. Under the … uncertainty follows, suggesting a future research agenda in this area of common interest to AI and economics. …

generally guided by call-put option pricing models - which rely on an ergodic notion of probability that conforms to a normal … distribution function. This paper considers critiques of the above models, which include Keynes's Treatise on Probability (1921 …) and the General Theory (1936), as well as follow-ups in the post-Keynesian approaches and others dealing with "fundamental …