The phenomenon of international production sharing, in which production is broken up into smaller bits of tasks and locate them in separate places, has been widely observed globally in the last several decades. While it has been getting a lot of attention, it is still not clear how to define and...

The financial crisis of 1997 gave the Asian region a very hard lesson on the importance of financial stability. The severity of the crisis and the failure of IMF in assisting these countries became a motivating factor to engage in closer financial cooperation in this region. This paper will...

Ten years after the crisis, Indonesia is still struggling to solve the problems in four major issues : economic stabilization and recovery, democratic transition and political reform, decentralization of political power, and the redefinition of national identity. This paper will explain the...

During the last decades, Indonesia has witnessed a rapid expansion in higher education sector. However, a centralized education system had resulted internal inefficiency, poor initiatives-particularly in research and lack of public accountability in many Indonesia universities. Facing these...

The 1990s saw East Asia becoming more integrated as trade barriers fell, trade intensity and intra-industry trade increased, and production networks formed. This greater integration has resulted in changing patterns of trade specialization in the region, as different economies adjust. Some...