Purpose: This paper aims to examine the indirect tax reform process in China. Specifically, it examines the reform of business tax to value-added tax. Inefficiencies within the new tax system are identified and discussed. The “business tax to value-added tax” reform was seen as an essential...

The combination of low-carbon electricity and electric vehicles brings considerable economic and environmental benefits but also introduces challenges due to the complexity and uncertainty of system synergies in smart cities. To take full advantage of photovoltaic power generation and release...

Objective: We theorize that alliances play a role as an external source of enforceability of bilateral investment treaties (BITs), and they do this by limiting the policy opportunism in foreign direct investment (FDI) host countries. We attempt to demonstrate that being party to common BITs and...

Leftist governments tend to tax corporations heavily. However, they are unable to do so all the time. In this study, I posit that whether leftist governments can enact this preferred tax policy is conditional on the policy environment. When leftist governments are pressured by their economic...

In recent years, distributionally robust optimization (DRO) has become a widely used approach to address the uncertainties that are inherent in many operations management (OM) problems. Meanwhile, different from the cost-driven DRO approach which focuses on minimizing the worst-case risk-aware...