This paper evaluates the macroeconomic effects of the European Central Bank's (ECB) Expanded asset purchase programme (APP) on Latvia and other euro area jurisdictions and investigates the cross-border transmission mechanism. To that end, we employ two different vector autoregressive (VAR)...

This paper evaluates the macroeconomic effects of the European Central Bank's (ECB) Expanded asset purchase programme (APP) on Latvia and other euro area jurisdictions and investigates the cross-border transmission mechanism. To that end, we employ two different vector autoregressive (VAR)...

This paper evaluates the signalling capacity of the Bank Lending Survey (BLS) with respect to actual lending outcomes in the euro area. The survey serves as an important input for monetary policy making at the ECB as it provides timely insights in lending developments, which, given the...