This study examines the too-big-to-fail expectations in the primary market issuance spreads of commercial bank tier-2 capital bonds and additional tier-1 capital bonds in China. Using a sample of 574 issuances with total amount of 4.76 trillion RMB (749 billion USD), we conduct median...

Purpose - There is no proposed solution to address the unresolved issues of constructing the Chinese university intellectual property information service system (IPISS) to promote the whole process service efficiency of IP creation, utilization, protection and management. The purpose of this...

Buildings consume more than one-third of the world’s primary energy. Reducing energy use in buildings with energy efficient technologies is feasible and also driven by energy policies such as energy benchmarking, disclosure, rating, and labeling in both the developed and developing countries....

Consider a probability measure μ supported by a regular geodesic ball in a manifold. For any p≥1 we define a stochastic algorithm which converges almost surely to the p-mean ep of μ. Assuming furthermore that the functional to minimize is regular around ep, we prove that a natural...

The research status, development and trend of oasis subject were analyzed, and related countermeasures to develop oasis subject were put forward.