We propose a new model called the product memory GARCH model by replacing (1-L)d in the FIGARCH model with (1-vL)d for 0≤v≤1, where the impulse response function in its ARCH(infinity) process has a decay rate in the form of the product of a geometric memory rate and a hyperbolic memory rare...

We investigate the changes in volatility leverage and spillover effects of three crude oil futures markets—WTI, Brent, and Oman—under the 2022 Russia-Ukraine conflict. We find that this conflict eliminates the regular leverage effect in WTI and Brent markets, slightly increases and...

This paper studies the dynamic impacts of financial development, human capital, and economic growth on CO2 emission intensity in China for the period 1978-2015, with a structural breakpoint in 1992, by employing an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. The estimations show that there...