In the 21st century, as the vitality of economic growth weakens and the instability of the global economy grows, employment has stagnated or even diminished depending on the industry. In particular the 2008 global financial crisis and the subsequent recession led many workers to lose their...

Purpose: Existing studies of shopping momentum effect show that an initial purchase causes the consumer to switch from a deliberative mindset to an implemental mindset, thereby leading to buy subsequent items based on Gollwitzer’s Rubicon model. Since purchase activity goes through the...

The very nature of their position requires superiors to engage in behavior that may have adverse consequences on subordinates. Such deportment might harm the individual (employee) yet enhance the overall good of the organization. Researchers in organizational behavior refer to supervisor...