What does living mean today? This was the theme explored at Archilab 2001, an international working laboratory for young architects. The expo illustrated that architects are taking account of global warming and the need for sustainable development as well as integrating consumers’ concerns not...

Remote from the wreckage of Afghanistan and the recent Pakistan‐incubated Taliban frenzy, calm and confident North Africa’s Tunisia – also a Muslim state – looks optimistically to a future of innovation and accomplishment. Embarking on its tenth development plan, priorities include...

In a Europe whose social make‐up is being significantly transformed by a shifting religious presence, responses to unaccustomed pressure and new needs must be met by the processes of governance and orderly administration. First affected are neighbourhoods, then entire communities. Here we take...

Military planning has various authors. The kings and emperors of old decided on whom to make war, where and when, with what, and for how long. The British Empire was built on economic push and domination abroad via a strong fleet. When Prussia united Germany in the nineteenth century, the...

The US foreign service was a civilian process until the end of the Second World War. Since then, the armed forces have encroached on the State Department's diplomatic mission. The Goldwater‐Nichols Act of 1986 authorized worldwide “Commands” in the Department of Defense. This left to the...

From a forced renunciation in 1946 of war as a tool of international relations, Japan progressed during the next 58 years – first pushed by a former enemy, then entrained by world events and a renewed emergence of nationalism at home – to de facto repudiation of a position of studied...