The structure of this book follows the decision-making process of Original Equipment Manufacturers investigating the potential of closed loops, including fundamental questions managers must answer when planning a circular supply chain: Does a closed loop fit corporate objectives? Is it...

One of the industry sectors with the longest history in remanufacturing is the automotive industry. Remanufactured parts include brake calipers, engines, servo pumps and alternators. A big challenge for automotive component remanufacturers is to achieve a steady flow of cores (parts that are...

The reverse logistics applies to the flow of products and materials in the opposite direction to direct logistics, from the market to the production sites or the specialised centres, where they are sent to be appropriately treated. The growing attention to reverse logistics is explained...

Sustainability has become an important issue for companies and countries in the 21st century. Several nations have mandated stringent laws for 'product take back' when the product's useful life ends, forcing companies to respond with product redesign, changes in packaging and creative solutions...

Product recovery is increasingly being recognised with the awareness of environment protection and sustainable development. In the past, many researchers paid more attention to reverse logistics only. In e-commerce, a noticeable ratio of product enters the reverse supply chain. It is urgent to...