The investigation of the fractal nature of financial data has been growing in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the efficiency of agricultural futures markets by using multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA). To better...

Higher Education Commission (HEC) in Pakistan is just established in this century, which is responsible for quality checks in higher educational institutes. This study describes the quality assurance framework and its passage toward expanding Pakistan's higher learning institutions. It intends...

Households as well as community water-supply systems for utilisation of underground aquifers are massive consumers of energy. Prevailing energy crisis and focus of the government on demand-side energy policies (i.e., energy conservation) in Pakistan raises need of using energy efficient...

This study measures productive inefficiency in the textile sector of Faisalabad due to recent energy crisis in Pakistan. Primary data is collected randomly from 125 firms of the industry. Results explain that these firms are facing huge production loss which varies from 23 to 65 percent in...

This paper analyzes the relative performance of inflation and price-level targeting regimes in an AS-IS-LM framework under alternative policy instruments used by the central bank. Being general in its nature, the results are further used to derive equilibrium values of the important...

This paper explores the role of network usage, by the start-up self- employed, as a means of attracting customers. Following the theoretical rationale developed here, the network need only be used by business owners who sell goods/services which entail customer-perceived risk. For others, it may...