This paper is a “rough guide†for evaluation of programs, projects and policies in the environment and development arena. First, a general overview of the what, how, and why of program evaluation, with particular emphasis on the role of control groups, pre and post measurement, and...

Purpose Accurate mapping is crucial for the positioning and navigation of mobile robots. Recent advancements in algorithms and the accuracy of LiDAR sensors have led to a gradual improvement in map quality. However, challenges such as lag in closing loops and vignetting at map boundaries persist...