This paper examines the relationship between electricity consumption, employment and real income in Australia within a … cointegration and causality framework. We find that electricity consumption, employment and real income are cointegrated and that in … the long-run employment and real income Granger cause electricity consumption, while in the short run there is weak …

This paper examines the causal relationship between electricity consumption, exports and gross domestic product (GDP … feedback effects between these variables. A 1 per cent increase in electricity consumption increases GDP by 0.04 per cent, a 1 … in electricity consumption. The policy implications are that for the panel as a whole these countries should invest in …