Local citizen participation schemes like the German "Bürgerwindparks" (citizen wind farm) have been an important vehicle to develop the wind energy business to its present state of market maturity. This article discusses ownership as an integrated part of the economic project design for...

Emission reduction strategies for air pollutants such as SOSUB align=rightSMALL2/SMALL/SUB and OSUB align=rightSMALLx/SMALL/SUB as well as for greenhouse gases (GHGs) usually do not consider the interdependencies between emission reduction measures. Taking into account the relevant energy,...

Against the background of the recent trend towards ever larger wind turbines at higher hub heights, this contribution determines the total technical potential and associated costs for electricity generation in Europe with large turbines, based on a GIS-based methodology employing cost-potential...

An explicit proof of a simple time-step propagation scheme is given in the framework of basic probability theory. It can be used in Monte Carlo simulations solving the Boltzmann transport equation. If the stochastically selected first scattering event occurs before a given time t1, the particle...

Local citizen participation schemes like the German "Bürgerwindparks" (citizen wind farm) have been an important vehicle to develop the wind energy business to its present state of market maturity. This article discusses ownership as an integrated part of the economic project design for...

Emission reduction strategies for air pollutants such as SO<SUB align="right"><SMALL>2</SMALL></SUB> and O<SUB align="right"><SMALL>x</SMALL></SUB> as well as for greenhouse gases (GHGs) usually do not consider the interdependencies between emission reduction measures. Taking into account the relevant energy, environmental and political framework it is the objective of this...</small></sub></small></sub>

Germany has set itself some very ambitious targets for energy supply from renewable sources, including 80% of electricity by 2050. The favourable economic political framework for renewable technologies has led to the rapid expansion of onshore wind and other renewables in the past years....

From a private investor's point of view transaction costs of project-based Kyoto mechanisms relate mainly to project management and interaction with government representatives. However, when analysing the cost effectiveness of project-based Kyoto mechanisms these transaction costs are often...

During recent years, closed-end funds have become one of the dominant financing schemes for wind farms in Germany. Having evolved out of the traditional model of local citizen-financed wind farms (‘Bürgerwindpark’), closed-end wind funds can be seen as a logical consequence of the...