We identify a specific organizational resource in brokerage houses—information sharing among analyst colleagues who cover economically related industries along a supply chain. After controlling for brokerage selection effects, we show evidence consistent with the benefit of this resource to...

We examine the role of acquirers’ familiarity with targets’ significant downside risks in M&A. We introduce a measure of a firm’s familiarity with another firm’s business downsides using similarity of their risk factor descriptions. We first show that this measure is distinct from...

Drawing on the political theory of judicial decision making, our paper proposes a new and parsimonious ex ante litigation risk measure: federal judge ideology. We find that judge ideology complements existing measures of litigation risk based on industry membership and firm characteristics....

In this paper, we develop FinBERT, a state-of-the-art large language model that adapts to the finance domain. Using a sample of researcher-labeled sentences from analyst reports, we document that FinBERT significantly outperforms the Loughran and McDonald dictionary and other machine learning...

This paper investigates whether and how federal judges’ political ideology affects opportunistic insider trading. Although federal judges are the ultimate arbiters of insider trading enforcement, whether their ideology matters to insiders’ trading decision is unclear because the primary...