Judge IV designs rely on monotonicity—each judge being weakly stricter than more lenient judges in all cases. I … with many judges per randomization unit are especially robust to monotonicity violations …

concluded that judges quickly adopt even controversial new doctrines. This Article challenges these conventional accounts of …. Judges often apply old, overturned laws instead of new laws - and they do so in observable and predictable ways. For instance … an old rule is changed to a new standard. This Article posits that judges are influenced by biases and incentives that …

respond to a more serious charge with a higher burden of proof. In bench trials, judges display a lower conviction probability … light sentence when guilt is not fully established. A joint test of whether judges in bench trials both convict more … frequently and impose more lenient sentences during periods of greater discretion is not significant, and judges do not appear to …

Attacking Judges is the most comprehensive empirical assessment of judicial elections to date, right as judicial … Judges purports to debunk criticism of judicial elections with a thorough empirical analysis of judicial campaign spending … book's findings, our work suggests that judges are increasingly hostile to criminal defendants in criminal cases, to win re …

decreasing. This study examines the effect of the #MeToo movement on judges’ gender gap in their vital labor market outcome … data including rich textual information on characteristics of cases and judges, and compare changes in sentences of judges … of a different gender after the movement. We find that female judges made more severe decisions post-movement, which …

decreasing. This study examines the effect of the #MeToo movement on judges' gender gap in their vital labor market outcome … including rich textual information on characteristics of cases and judges, and compare changes in sentences of judges of a … different gender after the movement. We find that female judges made more severe decisions post-movement, which almost closed …

offenses. The Brazilian constitution reserves 80% of the seats in appellate courts to career judges, 10% to lawyers and 10% to … prosecutors. In practice however, vacancies in panels coupled with backlogs have significantly increased participation of judges … association and at the ministerial office. Judges sitting by designation are chosen at the discretion of the court’s highest …

with a survey of 142 judges to guide our interpretation of the results …

threats to the federal judiciary by overburdening judges. Scholars, in turn, are divided as to whether pressure on judges …’ effects on federal district court judges’ sentencing decisions. We find that overburdened judges take shortcuts, such as using …