This article looks at the development of the two main features of the party system in the European Parliament (EP): the organization of the party groups, and the nature of competition between these groups. On the organizational side, we examine the foundation of the party groups in the Common...

This article tests multi-factor explanations for variance among Chinese citizens’ attitudes toward two related but separable party system concepts: the appropriateness of the current one-party system for China today, and the more abstract notion that multiple parties lead to chaos. Using data...

These last years, the topic of negative campaigning, especially outside the US, has attracted growing attention in political science literature. One of typical question scholars have aimed to answer is to what extent the pattern and degree of competition between parties increases the use of...