Smart grids can be described as a new generation of smart power networks that integrate actions coming from all connected end-users. This infrastructure provides bidirectional communications between end-users and the grid operator, and therefore extends the attack surface against the power...

This document regards the incident reporting obligations in Article 19 of the eIDAS regulation, called "Security requirements applicable to trust service providers". Incident reporting is addressed in paragraphs 2 and 3, and briefly touched on in the last sentence of paragraph 1. The reader can...

ICS (Industrial Control Systems) is a general term describing industrial automation systems responsible for data acquisition, visualization and control of industrial processes, often found in various industrial sectors and Critical Infrastructures. They play a critical role not only in...

Cyber insurance was created to address risk that cannot be reasonably mitigated by security measures. While it initially started in a limited form, it developed to cover more and more types of cyber risk. In comparison with other insurance sectors, cyber insurance appears to have a lower...

This document was prepared for the NIS Platform WG2 members introducing the main functions of CSIRTs from incident handling to crisis coordination - a high-level summary of the basics of incident response based on ENISA's previous work on CSIRTs and resilient European infrastructures. The...