The EU is a unique endeavour involving more than 500 million citizens sharing about 80 different languages, and while multilingualism is a key feature, it is also one of the most substantial challenges for the creation of a truly integrated EU. Language barriers have a profound effect on...

This European implementation assessment analyses the implementation of Directive 2011/93/EU on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography. This study, written in-house, focuses on the following areas: prevention, identification of victims, investigation...

The EU's Gender Action Plan 2016-2020 (referred to as GAP II) is the Union's framework for promoting gender equality and women and girls' empowerment in external relations in third and partner countries, as well as in international fora and agendas. GAP II is significant, as it constitutes the...

The purpose of summer time is to capitalise on natural daylight. By turning the clock one hour forward as the days get longer in spring, sunset is delayed by this same hour, until the clock is set back again in autumn. This practice is applied in over 60 countries worldwide. In the EU, Member...

The European Council's role - to 'provide the Union with the necessary impetus for its development' and to define its 'general political directions and priorities' - has developed rapidly over the past seven years. Since June 2014, the European Council Oversight Unit within the European...

This study considers eight economic, societal, and political global trends that will shape the world to 2035, namely an ageing population, fragile globalisation, a technological revolution, climate change, shifting power relations, new areas of state competition, politics of the information age...

This study considers eight economic, societal, and political global trends that will shape the world to 2035, namely an ageing population, fragile globalisation, a technological revolution, climate change, shifting power relations, new areas of state competition, politics of the information age...

This study was requested by the European Parliament's Committee for Internal Market and Consumer Protection as part of the Parliament's general commitment to improving the quality of EU legislation, and in particular in undertaking to carry out impact assessments of its own substantial...

Substances used to suppress, eradicate and prevent organisms that are considered harmful are grouped under the term 'pesticide'. The term includes both plant protection products (used on plants in agriculture, horticulture, parks and gardens) and biocidal products (used in other applications,...

The European Council plays an important role in European Union agenda-setting. Its task is to provide impetus and political direction to the European integration process. The Treaty of Lisbon has made the European Council an EU institution in legal terms, although its tasks remained virtually...