A wide range of chemicals are intentionally added to, or unintentionally found in, food products, often in very small amounts. Depending on the situation, the experimental data needed to complete a dietary risk assessment, which is the scientific basis for protecting human health, may not be...

This report presents research results obtained in the framework of a project on the Applicability of Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis in the evaluation of the toxicological relevance of metabolites and degradates of pesticide active substances. During this project,...

In the application of the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) concept to non-cancer endpoints, the decision tree proposed by Cramer, Ford and Hall in 1978, commonly referred to as the Cramer scheme, is probably the most widely used approach for classifying and ranking chemicals according to...

In the assessment of industrial chemicals, cosmetic ingredients, and active substances in pesticides and biocides, metabolites and degradates are rarely tested for their toxicological effects in mammals. In the interests of animal welfare and cost-effectiveness, alternatives to animal testing...

This report provides a state-of-the-art review of available computational models for developmental and reproductive toxicity, including Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSARs) and related estimation methods such as decision tree approaches and expert systems. At present, there are...

A major source of uncertainty when assessing the human health and environmental risks of chemicals is the paucity of experimental information on the metabolic and (bio)degradation pathways of parent compounds and the toxicological properties of their metabolites and (bio)degradation products....

In the regulatory assessment of chemicals, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models are playing an increasingly important role in predicting properties needed for hazard and risk assessment. The JRC QSAR Model Database provides information on the validity of QSAR models that...

To address financial and animal welfare concerns in the regulatory assessment of chemicals, computational (in silico) models are being increasingly used as a means of filling data gaps and contributing to weight of evidence arguments. This Tutorial introduces the JRC QSAR Model Database and...