This publication presents the main findings, results and achievements of the first 3 years of research and work of the European Cluster Observatory. The Observatory has provided, for the first time, a quantitative analysis of European clusters based on a fully comparable and consistent...

This Commission Staff Working Document "Challenges for EU support to innovation in services - Fostering new markets and jobs through innovation" summarises what is known about services innovation and identifies a number of key challenges to be addressed in order to better exploit its potential....

This paper discusses the channels between openness and productivity and trade hampering factors. The stylized facts from the heterogeneous firms literature suggests that firms face market entry costs for each new product they export and to each new export market. Transport costs, border costs...