across households, and show that the commercialization of vegetables through both market channels contributes positively to … welfare, even when addressing the issue of selection into commercialization. While the production of vegetables for the export …

for unobserved heterogeneity across farmers. We find that participation of smallholders in both the domestic and export …This paper describes the participation of smallholders in commercial horticultural farming in Kenya and identifies … employs panel survey data on smallholder producers of both international (export) and domestic market vegetables and controls …