We report five studies that examine a nurturing relationship with the supervisor as an antecedent of promotion focus, a motivation reflecting exploration, creativity, and attention to gains versus non-gains. We hypothesize that supervisors who provide a secure base for their employees will...

The present paper reports three studies that were based on the general proposition that the effectiveness of transformational leadership (TL) depends on whether the displayed TL behaviors match the followers’ motives. Specifically, inspirational motivation should be effective with followers...

Listening is associated with and a likely cause of desired organizational outcomes in numerous areas, including job performance, leadership, quality of relationships (e.g., trust), job knowledge, job attitudes, and well-being. To advance understanding of the powerful effects of listening on...