This Brief analyses reactive responses and proposes proactive solutions to the challenge of Russian aggression, with a focus on spatial planning and the physical security of undersea infrastructure. It calls for a holistic rethinking of how the energy system is planned, constructed and managed,...

Relations between most of the Eastern Partnership (EaP) countries and third powers have been visibly intensifying in recent years. China, Turkey, Iran and the Arab states are all a bigger presence in the region than was the case a decade ago. This trend is driven by, on the one hand, the growing...

Russia's political, diplomatic, military and economic footprint in the Middle East and North Africa has expanded visibly over the last decade. This Chaillot Paper provides a detailed account of Russia's spectacular return to the region. The paper depicts how major regional players have adjusted...

This Chaillot Paper examines the relationship between the EU and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). It contends that the original assumptions underpinning EU policy towards the region no longer apply, due to the erosion of the liberal consensus, as well as the ongoing obstacles to regional...

The rise of China has become the defining feature of the 'Asia-Pacific century'. Beyond its economic might, the country's emergence as a major political and security actor has not only redefined the balance of power in Asia; its growing international profile and ambitions will continue to...

As well as introducing new decisions and actions in the field of security and defence, the EU Global Strategy (EUGS) stresses the imperative to build resilience in the EU's neighbouring countries and surrounding regions. As the EUGS approaches its first anniversary, this volume, the second in...

Gwadar port is a flagship project of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The construction of the port near the Gulf of Hormuz gives China access to the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean. This Brief argues that the geostrategic dimension of the project far outweighs its economic...

It is clear that in recent years Africa has undergone significant economic, socio-political and technological transformations, a process which is likely to accelerate over the coming decades. While it would be an overstatement to proclaim that the future will be African, there are strong...

Permanent Structured Cooperation (PeSCo), the so-called ‘sleeping beauty’ of EU defence, is awake. Still barely predictable only a year ago, PeSCo is an ambitious, binding and inclusive legal framework aimed at incentivising defence cooperation among member states. PeSCo is based on binding...