Military intervention in civil wars by smaller states has often been interpreted as a sign of the increasing importance of indirect intervention as a means of foreign policy: the smaller intervening states are seen to have acted as the proxy of a major power. The Angola conflict in particular...

When external powers intervene in a civil war, this fact seldom remains unknown to the world. There is an abundant documentation of at least the large-scale civil wars which have taken place in modern times. How ever, students of international politics have been fairly slow to make use of this...