This paper analyzes pharmaceutical pricing between and within countries to achieve second best static and dynamic efficiency. We distinguish countries with and without universal insurance, because insurance undermines patients' price sensitivity, potentially leading to prices above second-best...

This examination of the economics of the biopharmaceutical industry has 18 chapters by health economists. Part 1 examines the economics of biopharmaceutical innovation. Part 2 examines the market for biopharmaceuticals with chapters on prices and reimbursement in industrialised and developing...

Small firms that offer health insurance to their employees may face variable premiums if the firm hires an employee with high-expected health costs. To avoid expensive premium variability, a small firm may attempt to maintain a workforce with low-expected health costs. In addition, workers with...