Firms often face choices about when to upgrade and what to upgrade to. We discuss this in the context of upgrading to a new technology (for example, a new computer system), but it applies equally to the upgrading of processes (for example, a new organizational structure) or to individual choices...

The Cinturão Digital do Ceará (CDC) is a pioneering infrastructure project that delivers broadband access to large cities, small towns and rural areas throughout the State of Ceará in northeast Brazil. The CDC was built and operated using a unique business model that innovates on the standard...