In the wake of the successful smallpox eradication programme, immunization has become an international affair. The WHO and UNICEF promote universal immunization against six childhood diseases through the Expanded Programme on Immunization. The paper focuses on the process through which rules and...

The article presents the results of an exploratory study conducted in Thailand in 1988, comparing the results of two approaches to encourage the use of herbal medicine as a safe and cheap alternative to pharmaceuticals. The study included one government programme using a clinic-oriented approach...

The article addresses the question in what form and under what conditions vaccination programs can be expected to continue once the 'take off' period is over. This matter is of great importance because of the need to continuously vaccinate new cohorts of children with a high degree of coverage...

The authors propose to view primary health care (PHC) from a multi-level perspective. Studying how PHC is conceived and implemented at different levels of social organization (e.g. in international agencies, national governments, regional centres of health care and local communities) will reveal...

Using the concepts frontier and interface the introduction and spreading of modern Western medicine in Nepal and its relations to other medical systems are described and analyzed. Medical systems do not prevail in the same degree in all places; we may call the geographic areas of concentration...