Using various methods (currency demand, physical input (electricity) method, model approach), which are discussed and criticized, estimates of the size of the shadow economy in 76 developing, transition and OECD-countries are presented. The average size of a shadow economy varies from 12 percent...

Ziel dieser Studie ist es, das Vertrauenskapital einer Volkswirtschaft im europäischen Vergleich im Rahmen einer Längsschnittanalyse von 2000 bis 2014 zu untersuchen. Der Vertrauensindex umfasst zwanzig Länder und zeigt die Entwicklung in den Teilindizes Vertrauen in das politische System,...

This paper presents estimates of the size of the shadow economy in 76 developing, transition, and OECD countries, which are derived by combining figures from different estimation methods. We describe and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the different estimation methods. We find that the...