We empirically study the use of value–based management systems in listed German firms and examineimplications for firms’ stock market performance. Using a novel, hand–collected data set covering1,083 firm years from 2002 to 2008, we find that value–based management systems become...

The complexity of value-based management (VBM) is often not captured in empirical research. In particular, potential differences in the extent of VBM implementation are not considered. Firms are predominantly classified dichotomously into either VBM “adopters” or “non-adopters.” In this...