<ul> <li>Chinese Taipei; Hong Kong, China; Korea and Singapore (the East Asian Newly Industrialised Countries or NICs) have been successful in attaining income convergence with high-income countries while Latin American countries remain caught in the Middle-Income Trap.</li> <li>The East Asian NICs pursued...</li></ul>

<ul> <li>There is no unique model of reform for infrastructure that is equally applicable to all countries.</li> <li>Fixed-line privatisation has often failed due to weak economic and institutional endowments.</li> <li>Governments and International Financial Institutions (IFIs) should consider alternative options to...</li></ul>

<ul><li>ASEAN countries should play a more active role in the international standard-setting process for carbon labelling.</li> <li>Fragmented, bottom-up approaches to carbon labelling may lead to a proliferation of different labelling schemes, acting as a constraint to ASEAN exports.</li> <li>Carbon labelling should be...</li></ul>

Income is very unequally distributed in Latin America - but so too are opportunities for upward mobility. Early childhood development is a powerful mechanism to level the social playing field. More and better secondary education is key. Better administration of schools, combining greater...

A strengthened social contract in Latin American countries relies on the improved quality of public services such as health and education, which would build a constituency for a broader tax base. Latin American middle-income sectors express strong support for democracy but they are critical of...

Informality remains pervasive in Latin American and Caribbean labour markets. Many "middle-sectors workers" (around the middle of the income distribution) are employed informally and contribute irregularly to a public or private pension. Governments should consider extending social pensions and...