This study analyses institutional features national authorities should have in order to apply common policies effectively. It shows that the effective implementation of EU law and policy can be achieved without increased control. The article suggests that benchmarking of the results of the...

The primary aim of the reform of EU rules on research, development and innovation for the period 2014-20 is to ensure that aid stimulates more research and that it is kept to the minimum necessary. This paper develops a simple model that identifies a number of problems in the public funding of...

This paper assesses the effectiveness of the Meroni doctrine in the light of the recent judgment in the ESMA case. The first part explains in detail the problem of delegation of powers in the EU from the perspective of the principal-agent theory and complements it with the analysis of the...

As the EU enlarges, it needs to consider how to promote solidarity between its members. On the one hand, it makes sense for it to strengthen solidarity because it will grow larger and more diverse and will, consequently, have to galvanise support for its system, principles and policies. This...

One way to prepare for EU membership is not just to learn all the EU rules, but also to look at how other countries have coped with the demands of membership and learn from their successes and failures. In essence, preparation for membership requires a sort of risk analysis and market research....

One of the most complex problems facing GATT during the current Uruguay round of trade talks is the reform of Article XIX on temporary protection measures, commonly known as safeguards. Our author argues that, provided there are well-defined rules to limit its use, the introduction of some...

Because GATT rules permit countries to take anti-dumping action, anti-dumping measures have come to be regarded as an integral part of the trade landscape. But is it really necessary to have both a domestic competition policy and an external anti-dumping policy, given that both policies aim to...

In Europe and North America there are increasing calls for an industrial policy that would foster innovation and technological development. The advocates of industrial policy warn that without active government support national firms will succumb to unfair foreign competition and that there will...